Hauling scraper



' Ma rch3l, 1942. L. o. BIRD) 7 2,278,036

HAULING S CRAPER Filed May 16, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 .Patentecl Mar. 311 1%42 arisen HAULING SQBAPER Ken 0. Bird, Glendale, Calif assignor to R. G.

file Tourneau, inc, Stockton,

tion of (Jalifornia (laid, a corporadpplication May 16, 1939, Serial No. 273,991

(illBi-lZt) 24 filaims.

This invention relates to improvements in hauling scrapers of the type having a bowl and an apron which cooperate in the leading, hauling, spreading and dumping operations of the scraper.

l-leretofore in hauling scrapers of the heavy duty type handling loads of 12 or more cubic yards with a tilting bowl, the load must be lifted either in whole or in part to such heights in the dumping operation, that the scraper becomes unstable and is likely to tip over, especially when operating on a hillside or other uneven terrain.

A purpose of the present invention is to provide a scraper wherein a tiltable bowl is constructed and operated so as to eliminate the above noted objections and conserve power, it

being unnecesary to lift but a small part of the load to lesser heights than heretofore, in efiecting a complete dumping operation. Accordingly the bowl is comprised of a plurality of tiltable sections apart from the apron, for example, a rear section and a front section arranged to tilt independently and simultaneously for dumping the load, there being a scraper blade extending across the front of the front section.

With this arrangement the combined load of the sectional bowl and apron is divided into three portions which are separately dumped responsive first, to sequential movement'o'f the V apron, rear section and front section, in the order named, and then to simultaneous movement of the front and rear sections as the last phase of the dumping operation.

By having the forward edge of the rear section of the bowl pivoted to the rear edge of the front section of the bowl, the front section pivoted at its front edge to side members of the tilting the rear section to a predetermined position, the lock automatically releases the front section and the latter commences to tilt on the front axis while the rear section then moves forwardly in an arc, These movements of said two sections will eflect a pushing out action of the load while at the same time causing gravitational dumping thereof from the bowl. These provisions make possible a dumping of the load with a small amount of lift of but a small portion of the entire-load and conserve power, so that while travelling at any speed the dumping operation may be readily carried out.

Another purpose of my invention is to provide a scraper of the character described in which a novel means of connection between a single cable operated means and the apron makes it unnecessary to mount a pulley on the apron and therefore prevents wearing out of cable due to the presence of dirt in and around the pulley. In

scrapers where the pulley and cable .are connected with the apron,when the cable wears out as above noted, from fifteen to twenty feet of cable must be cut on and replaced to eliminate the worn portion and" render the cable system of a hauling scraper Figure 3 is a side elevation of the scraper as when in carrying position.

Figure 4 is a side elevation of the scraper as when in an intermediate dumping position.

Figure 5 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 1, and showing the bowl and apron inextreme dumpingposition.

Figure. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view of the bowl as when loaded. v

Figure '7 is a fragmentary sectional view of the bowl as when the rear section has been moved into its primary dumping position.

Figure 8 is an enlarged detail section showing the lock means.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary enlarged top plan view of the hinge means between bowl sections and also showing the lock means.

- Figure 10 is a sectional view taken on the line Ill-l ll Figure 9.

One'form of hauling scraper embodying my invention is shown in detail on the accompanying drawings and generally comprises a jointed frame made up of a forward section A swivelly supported on a wheeled truck B, and a' rear section C provided on axles D supported by wheels E. Side members F of the forward section A are pivoted at G to plate like sides H of the rear section C so that when said frame sections are relatively moved a sectional bowl K and an apron L pivoted respectively at M and N on the sides H, also a scraper blade S will be ,raised and lowered into and out of loading and carrying position as shown on Figures 2 and 3 respectively. A draft tongue on the front section A provides for connection of the scraper with a trac-- tor not shown, and separate single cable oper ated mechanisms P and R are provided 'on the scraper for respectively operating and controlling the bowl-apron unit and adjusting the frame sections A and C for the purposes hereinbefore noted. i

In accordance with my invention the bowl K is comprised of a rear section RS having a bottom member or wall I, side walls 2 and back wall 3, and a front section made up of the side plates H and a bottom member or wall 4, the bottom walls! and 4 being pivotally connected by hinges T. Side pieces 5 fixed on the bottom wall 4 are pivoted as at M to the side plates H and thereby pivotally connect the bowl to the rear frame section C. Apron L is provided with arms G ex-- tending on the outer sides of the plates H and pivoted thereto as at N so that said apron may be moved into and out of a' position for retaining the load in bowl. In loading position as shown in Figure 2 the apron is raised above the blade S which is fixed to the forward edge of the bottom wall 4 forwardly of pivot'sM. The raised apron will retain dirt scooped into the bowl as will be apparent from Figure 2. When in carrying position as shown in Figure 3 the apron lies close to or against the blade and completely closes the bowl. When raised as shown in Figures 4 and 5 the apron is out of load retaining position and the load may be dumped from the bowl as here provided. The operating means for the bowlley l4, and then leads forwardly and downwardly over and under pulleys I5 and IE on the frame section A, and from thence leads to the tractor operated hoist not shown. A link bar I1 is pivoted at l8 to the free end of the bell crank l3 and at l9 to the apron L so that when the cable I is pulled the apron will be raised first, and then the bowl will be tilted as will be hereinafter described. This link connection with the apron saves wearing out and replacement of cable as it takes place where a pulley is mounted on the apron. When the cable is extended around a pulley on the apron, the dirt deposited onthe cable and in the pulley causes the cable to quickly wear out and each time the worn out portion isvreplaced, about to feet of cable must be renewed. The link bell-crank connection here provided will withstand wear better than the cable and thereby prevent frequent cable re placements.

The single cable operated means R for relatively moving the sections A and C of the scraper frame, comprises as best shown in Figure 5 a a cable 20 which is cross member In and reaved between pulley blocks dead ended as at 2! on the 22 and 23 respectively mounted on the member II and a similar cross member 24 extending between the side plates H, and is then extended forwardly from the upper pulley block 22 and over and under pulleys 25 and 26 on the front frame A and finally extended for connection cross members Ill and 24 respectively whereby to raise and lower the rear frame C by the turning thereofon its axles D, so that the bowl-scraper unit on said rear frame may be bodily moved into and out of loading and carrying positions selectively. In these positions stop members 24a on the rear wall 3 of the rear section of the bowl engage a cross member 2413 of the frame C to limit the downward movement and support the weight of the rear end of the bowl.

Assuming that the bowl, scraper, J and apron are positioned as shown in Figure 2, so as to load the bowl, it is seen that as the scraper is moved over the ground the blade S will direct the earth over the bottom wall- I of the front scraper section FS and into the rear scraper section RS, so

as to fill the bowl, the apron then retaining the load but not interfering with the loading action over the scraper blade. When the bowl and apron are loaded, the operator lowers the apron into bowl closing position by slackening cable I and then effects. a pull on the cable 20 so as to lift the rear section C of the frame and likewise lift the bowl and apronbodily into the carryingposition shown in Figure 3.

To dump the load, the cable 1 is pulledthrough manipulation of the tractor hoist and, due to the the link I! and apron L upwardly the full extent of movement permitted said apron before the pull on the cable is effective for tilting the bowl. A partial dumping of the load takes place when the apron is thus lifted and when the arms 6 of the apron encounter the stop members 24' fixed to the side plates H, the raising of the apron is stopped asshown in Figure 5. Thereafter the pulling of the cable I produces a block and of the bowl to move into a predetermined position before the front section of the bowl is tilted, I provide an automatic lock means V, as particularly shown in Figures 8 and 9, also Figures 6' and '7. This lock means includes hook shaped members 21, fixed as by welding or otherwise to the bottom wall I of the rear section RS of the bowl at points adjacent the side walls 2 of said section, and adapted to hook around pins 28 fixed to the side plates H of the rear section C of the frame. These hook members 21 and the pins 28 are so constructed and arranged that while engaged as shown in Figure 8, the rear section RS is restricted to fulcruming on the pins 28 and hinges T, it being noted that said pins and hinges are 'alined. In other words, while the hooks 21 are eng ed with pins 28, the front section FS of the bowl is locked against movement on its axis M, although the rear section is free to tilt on the hinges '1 connecting it with said front section. When the rear section is tilted to the position shown in Figure 7, it being noted that at this time most of the load will have been dumped, the hooks 28 are disposed out of locking relation to pins 28 and are then free to be moved bodily away from the pins. Thus it is seen that whil continued pulling of the cable 7,- as aforesaid, causes the rear section IRS to move into its dumping position shown in Figure 10, further pulling of said cable will move the rear section upwardly and forwardly in an am as shown in Figures 4 and 5. While the rear section is thus moved from position shown in Figure 7 to position shown on Figure 5, the front section, that is, the bottom wall 4 thereof is tilted upwardly and forwardly while turning on its axis M. Thetwo bottom walls i and t are angularly related-when the final movement of the rear section commences, as shown in Figure 7, instead of being alined, but as the two sections are moved simultaneously, these bottom walls straighten out and effect an outward pushing of the load, until they again assume alined relation, as shown in Figure 5.

As a means for guiding and supporting the bowl during its final movement upwardly and forwardly, the rear section of the bowl is pro.- vided on its two side walls 2 with rollers 29 which arearranged to contact the upper edges vof the side plates H at thetime the rear section of the bowl is moved into its initial dumping position, as indicated in Figure 7. From then on these rollers ride on the upper edges of the side plates H as the bowl is tilted to its extreme dumping position, it being noted that the upper edges of said plates H are curved to conform to the path of movement of said rollers 29 and said rear bowl section.

It is now seen that when the rear section of the bowl is initially tilted into dumping position it will be reduired to lift but a part of the entireload of the bowl a relatively small extent in order "to effect a dumping operation of a much greater amount of the load than was actually lifted by the tilting of said rear section. This will be apparent with reference to Figures 6 and 7, it being noted that most of the load is dumped in 'the first tilting movement of the rear section of the bowl and without having tiltlifted to such extent as would render the scraper unstable. If the entire bowl were tilted, initial ly, the load would be disposed about 8 feet high, for example, in a 12 or 15 cubic yard scraper, and this would tend to tip over the scraper and render the same unwieldy and unstable. Furthermore, this lifting of the entire load to such height requires the expenditure of a great deal of power, and often interferes with the tractive effort of the scraper at desired speeds.

Upon releasing the cable I, the bowl being heavier, will drop first and the locking hooks 2'! will move into locking engagement with the pins 28 when the bowl sections return to carrying position or loading position, as the case may be, dependent on the adjustment of the jointed frame sections A and C. After the bowl'has been lowered, continued slackening of the cable l will'allow the apron L to gravitate into the desired position.

It is important to note that the side plates H in combination with the rear section of the bowl and in serving. as sides of the forward section of the bowl in co-operation with the bottomwall 4, scraper blade andapron, provide for a large capacity bowl in which at no time is the load lifted or disposed at a height which a would render the apparatus unstable.

It should be noted that the front section FS that is, the bottom member-l thereof, and the scraper blades are held rigid as though fixed to the rigid side plates, throughout the loading 'operation, and also while the aprondumping action and the initial rear section dumping action 'of the spread of the load and consequently since the scraper blade remains in this fixed position as determined by the setting of the frame, during the time the major portion of the load is being dumped, an even spread of the greater part of the load is insured.

Anotherimportant provision of this invention is that the lock means. hereof also holds the sections of the bowl rigid and against forward tilt- '30 ing during the loading operation.

It is also important to note that the bell-cranklink means for lifting and lowering the apron affords a greater leverage and a quicker and greater movement of the apron with a shorter pull on the cable than would be possible with a system whereby the cable is extended around a pulley on the apron itself. Instead of a bell crank, I may, as is obvious, use any other type of lever which is suited to cable operations and the use of a link bar to connect it to the apron.

Further qualified, :the sectional bowl of my invention may be'considered as including an articulated bottom of which but one part is pivoted to the frame, the relative and joint move- A ments of the parts of said articulated bottom providing for the dumping 'of the load in stages and with the advantages hereinbefore noted. It is seen that when the rear part of the bottom is first raised, it will dump its load on to the front part and displace or push out the load of the latter, and that when said'front part is tilted while further tilting the rear part, the balance of the load will be dumped. In this connection the apron may be considered as a part of the articulate bottom of the bowl, for when in load retaining position, it becomes a forward extension of said bottom.

While the present embodiment of my invention as shown in connection with a tiltable bowl, and

a tiltable apron also a jointed wheel supported invention, for example, the sectional or articulate bowl bottom and the operating mechanism including the locking means and the lever link device connected with the apron, may be efi'acaciously employed independent of one another or in combination, withany. type of bowl or frame or scraper or unit thereof with which such feature or combination of features is capable of operation. v

I claim:

1. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl supported thereon for movement into and out of- 1 sociated with said ing a bottomcontiguous' with and movably: connected to the bottom of 'said'forwardsection so to said frame,- a scraper.bladefoperativelythat it may either moveiby; virtue of: its "connec-' tion with the bottom of the forward section or position hold- '5T ing* thef;bottom of-"said. front sectiongfagainst fra e an.

, U v the' bcwl, mm the said sections inmovement, and finally'operating responsive to by. virtue of the connection of the latter'fiwith' said frame, on operating mechanism connected with said frame andone 'of the sections of the" bowl'for moving both sections of the bowl, and locking means initially operating when said bowl operating mechanism is'first actuated for-moving the bowl, to limit the bowl to a movement of the rear section thereof, into 'a predetermined dumpoperating responsive to continued actuation of said mechanism, to release both sections for movement by virtue of the connection of the bottom of the forward section with said frame.

2. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl, sup-' ported thereon for movement into and out of carrying and dumping positions, including a forward section and a rear section,- said forward section having a tiltable bottom pivotally connected'to said frame, said rear section having a tiltable bottom positioned as an extension of and pivotally connected with the tiltable bottom of the forward section, a scraper blade operatively associated with said forward section, and an operating mechanism which when actuated, will tilt first one and then,both sections, including a locking means associated with said sections and frame and operating when said mechanism is section pivoted to said forward section, ascraper blade associated with said forward section, an

operating mechanism for tilting sa'id sections,

and locking means initially operating responsive to actuation of said mechanism, to limitthe bowl to a tilting of the rear section into a predetermined dumping position while holding said front section against movement and finally operating upon continued actuation of said mechanism, for

releasing said sections for joint pivotal movement about the pivotal connection of said front section with said frame 4. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl supported thereon for movement into and out of carrying and dumping positions, including aforward section and a rear section, said forward section including a tiltable bottom pivotally connected to said frame, a scraper blade operatively associated with said bottom, said rear section including a bottom contiguous with and pivoted to the bottom of said forward section so that it may either tilt on its pivotal connection with the bottom of the forward section or on the pivotal connection of the latter with said frame, an operating mechanism connected with said frame and rear section of the bowl for tilting both sections of the bowl, and locking means initially operating when said bowl operating mechanism is continued actuation ofrsaid mechanism, to release both sections for tilting movement about the pivot connection of the bottom of the front section with said frame, andan apron mounted for movement into and out of position to retain the-load in said'bowl. b i f 5. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl mountedonsaid frame for loading and carrying,

and including an articulated sectional bottom the sections of which are hinged to one another for relative movement, one of. said sections being pivoted to 'said frame whereby'the sections may move about saidpivot, a scraper blade operatively associated with said bottom, operating mea'ns for effecting an articulative movement of said bottom for dumping first one and then another portion of the load, and locking means operating first to hold one of said sections against mounted on'said frame for movement into and out of loading, carrying, and dumping positions and including an articulated sectional bottom, the sections of which are hinged to one another for relative movement, one of said sections being pivoted to said framewhereby the'sections may move about said pivot,,a scraper blade cperatively associated with said bottom, operating means for effecting an articulative movement of said bottom for dumping first one and then an other portion of the load supported thereon, an apron movable into and out of position for retaining the load in said bowl, and means normally holding one-section of the bottom against response to said operating means and releasing saidone section responsive to movement of another section upon continuation of operation of said operating means.

'7. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl mounted on said frame for movement into and out of loading, carrying, and dumping positions and including an articulated sectional bottom, the

sections of which are hinged to one another for load in said bowl, means for holding one sec tion of the bottom against movement during a part of the operation of said operating means and releasing said one section during part of the operation of said operating means and means 7 of operative connection between said operating means and said apron for moving said apron out of load retaining position responsive to initial actuation of said operating means. Y

8. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl mounted thereon for movement into and out of carrying and dumping position and including a. forward section pivoted to said frame and a rear section pivoted to said forward section, a scraper blade associated with said forward section, an

reaf'section thereof about 4 between operating mechanism for tilting said sections and mined dumping position while holding said front section against movement, and finally operating upon continued actuation of said mechanism,

' for releasing said sections for joint pivotal movement about the pivotal connection of said front section with said frame, an apron movable into and out of position for retaining the load in said bowl and means of operative connection, said operating mechanism and said apron for moving said apron out of load retaining position responsive to the initial actuation of said mechanism. a

9. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl mounted on the frame for movement therewith and relative thereto, means for effecting relative adjustment of said frames for lifting and lowering said bowl, said bowl including a forward section pivoted to said frame and a rear section pivoted to said forward section, a scraper blade associated with said forward section, an operating mechanism for tilting said sections, and locking means initially operating responsive to actuation of said mechanism, to limit the bowl to a tilting of the rear section into a predetermined dumping position while holding said front section against movement, and finally operating upon .Hduring tilting of the rear section relative to the forward section.

10. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl mounted thereon for movement into and out of loading, carrying, and dumping position and including a forward section pivoted to said frame and a rear section pivoted to said forward section, a scraper blade associated with said forward section, an operating mechanism for tilting said sections, and locking means initially operating responsive to actuation of said mechanism, to limit the bowl to a tilting of the rear section into a predetermined dumping position while holding said front section against movement and finally operating upon continued actuation of said mechanism, forv releasing said sections for joint pivotal movement about the pivotal connection of said front section with said frame,

said locking means also operating to prevent forward tilting of both sections when the bowl is in loading position.

11. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl mounted on the frame, and said bowl including a forward section pivoted to said frame and a rear section pivoted to said forward section, a scraper blade associated witl r'said forward section, an operating mechanism for tilting-said of the front section with said rear frame, saidlocking means also operating to prevent forward tilting of the bowl while the latter is being loaded and including 7 pins fixed on said frame, and

hooks on the rear section for releasably engaging said pins.

12-. In a hauling scraper, a wheeled frame including side plates fixed thereon, a tiltable bottom member pivoted to and between said'plates and forming therewith a forward bowl section, a scraper blade carried at the forward edge of said bottom member, an apron pivoted on said side plates and movable up and down for dumping and retaining the load of the bowl, a tiltable bowl section disposed rearwardly of said forward bowl section and including a rigid bottom member hinged to the bottom member of said forward section and a back wall and side walls; and

amechanism including a cable which whenv pulled will operate said mechanism to raise the apron first, then tilt the rear section of the bowl about its hinged connection with the forward section, into a predetermined, dumping position, and finally tilt .both sections into another dumping position around said pivot point on the frame.

- 13. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a sectional bowl thereon including a tiltable rigid front section pivotedto said frame so that it will gravitate from tilted position back into normal position, and a tiltable and rigid rearsection hinged to said front section so that it will gravitate from tilted position back into normal position, said rear section having a rigid upstanding back wall in fixed relation thereto, a scraper blade operatively associated with said front section, an apron mounted on said frame for movement into and out of position for retaining the load in the bowl, and an operating mechanism which when actuated first moves the apron out of load retaining position, then tilts the rear section including said back wall but exclusively of the front section into a. predetermined dumping position, and finally tilts both sections about the axis of the front section with the frame, into another dumping position for completely discharging the load, and when released allows said sections to gravitate to normalposition.

14. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a sectional bowl thereon including a tiltable front section pivoted to said frame, and a tiltable rear section hinged to said front section, a scraper blade operatively associated with said front section, an apron mounted on said frame for movement into and out of position for retaining the load in the bowl, and an operating mechanism which when actuated first moves the apron out of load retaining position, then tilts the rear section exclusively of the front section into a predetermined dumping position and finally tilts both sections about the axis of the front section with the frame into another dumping position for completely discharging the load, said operatingmeans including a lever fulcrumed on the frame to move in response to actuation of said mechanism, and a link pivoted at its ends to said apron and said lever.

15. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a sectional bowl thereon including a tiltable front section pivoted to said frame, and a tiltable rear section hinged to said front section, a scraper blade on eratively associated with said front section, an apron mounted on said frame for movement into and out of position for retaining the load in the bowl, and an operating mechanism which when actuated first moves the apron out of load retaining position, then tilts the rear section exclusively of the front section into a predetermined dumpingposition and finally tilts both sections about the axis of the front section with with said cable and a rigid link bar pivoted at its ends to said lever and said apron.

16. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl movable thereon, an apron mounted on the frame to be moved into and out of position for retaining the load in the bowl, and a common means for moving said apron and bowl including a lever fulcrumed on' said frame, pulleys mounted on said bowl and at one point on said lever respec tively; a cable operatively associated with said pulleys, and a rigid link bar pivoted at its ends to another point on said lever and to said apron.

l7.-In a hauling scraper, a frame. a bowl thereon, an apron mounted on the frame to be moved into and out of position for retaining the load in the bowl, and means for operating said apron including a lever fulcrumed on said frame, a" rigid link bar pivoted at its ends to saidlever and said apron, said lever being of an inverted v shape and fulcrumed as aforesaid at one end, said link being pivoted as aforesaid to the other end of said lever, pulleys mounted on the frame fulcrumed end and uppermost portion of said lever, respectively, and a cable engaged with said pulleys and operating when pulled to rock said lever on its fulcrum.

l8.' In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl moved on the lever adjacent the frame connected end thereof, said operating means also including a cable connected with said bowl and also engaged with said pulleys and operating when pulled to first rock the lever without moving the bowl and then move said bowl.

19. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl mounted thereon for loading and carrying operations and including a sectional bottom having a navaoao 'oted to the frame, a scraper blade for the front section and operating mechanism which when actuated moves first the rear section relative to the front section and then moves the front section for dumping the load of the bowl in stages, and locking means for holding and releasing one of-thesections whereby said sections are movable relatively in one instance and simultaneously in another.

21. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl mounted thereon for loading, carrying, and dumping'operations and including a front bottom and a rear rigid bottom, a hinge joining said bottoms in contiguous relation, a scraper blade associated with one of said bottoms, means pivotally joining the front bottom to said frame, means operating when a tilting force is applied to said rear bottom for initially tilting the rear bottom so as to dump the load thereon over the front bottom and blade, and means for holding the front bottom against movement during the aforesaid movement of said front bottom, and operating upon continuation of the tilting force to said rear bottom for releasing said front bottom whereby it may be sition.

22. In a hauling scraper, a frame, a bowl mounted thereon for loading, carrying, and dumping operations and including rigid front and rear bottoms, a hinge joining said bottoms in contiguous relation, a scraper blade associated tilted into a dumping powith one of said bottoms, means pivotally join- I tom.

plurality of relatively movable rigid sections hingedly connected with one another, one of said hingedly connected sections pivoted to the frame for affording pivotal movement of the plurality of sections, and operating mechanism which when actuated moves first one section relative to the other section and then moves said plurality of hingedly connected sections on said hinge connection with the frame, for dumping the load of the bowl in stages, and locking means for holding and releasing one of the sections whereby said sections are movable relatively in 23. In a hauling scraper, a tiltable bowl section, a rigid tiltable bowl section rearwardly contiguous with the first named bowl section, said rear bowl section including a bottom portion and an upstanding back wall in fixed relation thereto, means supporting said sections for joint gravitational movement from tilted to normal position and an operating mechanism which when actuated first tilts the rigid rear bowl section and included back wall into a dumping position and then tilts the first named section into a dumping position, and. is operable to release said sections for joint gravitational movement into normal position.

24. In a hauling scraper, a tiltable bowl section, a rigid tiltable bowl section rearwardly contiguous with the first named bowl section, said rear bowl section including .a bottom portion and an upstanding back wall in fixed relation thereto, means supporting said sections for joint movement between normal and tilted positions, and an operating mechanism which, when actuated, first tilts the rigid rear bowl section and included back wall into a dumping position and then tilts LEN o. Bran. 

